Spyke

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NASA captures the exact moment a star was born

Not a fan of the inaccurate click bait title. It's the "exact" moment plus or minus a few hundred thousand years. The star at the center is still a protostar and hasn't reached its final size / brightness it's still hidden by the disc it's forming from. So not a visible star with nuclear fusion powering it. The lines are light emitted from the jets coming from the protostars poles as they cut though the interstellar medium and they are extremely long.

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New vaccine to treat 15 types of cancer now available on NHS

Summary, Patients will be able to get immunotherapy in the form of a vaccine called nivolumab in just 15 minutes, as opposed to an hour on an IV drip. England becomes the first country in Europe to offer it, with approximately 1,200 people receiving it each month for 15 different types of cancer, including skin, bladder, and oesophageal cancer. The medicine is a monoclonal antibody that attaches to a protein called PD-1 on a type of immune cell known as a T cell. It works by preventing cancer cells from deactivating T-cells, allowing the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells.

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Never Again

Or more likely a couple of months later they encounter the problem again and ask why it wasn't fixed last time. Ignoring the information or troubleshooting requested. Which is then resent. Some months later they decide to just live with the problem.

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Onions

Not to mention all the creatures that just didn't fossilise because they died away from water or had mostly lightweight tissues. They are nothing but dust on the winds of time. Not at all like our era which will be clearly delineated by .. Chicken bones and radioactive waste.

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me_irl_conflict

Yep that's not how science is done, but the real story is more interesting I think. It wasn't Einstein so much as Hubble and Lemaître, but he did acknowledge the error that caused him to miss the expanding universe in his equations.

"This circumstance of an expanding universe is irritating " – Albert Einstein, 1929.

In every direction in the sky, there is a background fizz of light. It is all that remains of the most intense flare of energy ever emitted. To explain it, we must look back to 1929. At that time Edwin Hubble, an astronomer at Caltech, proved that the universe was much larger than anyone had expected and expanding in all directions. From this discovery, two competing explanations developed. The Steady State Theory and the Big Bang. The first allows the universe to create new matter as it expands. Matter just appears from some hidden and rather ghostly source. That permits the universe to look more or less the same as it does today, at least as far as galaxies go. The second treats the universe as a closed system. One that begins with a vast and concentrated supply of energy, which decays into lesser forms. Spreading out as it does. The Big Bang universe is an expanding bubble of space-time, with a few wisps of hydrogen and helium that form the stars. The origins of the Big Bang theory began before Hubble’s discovery. A Russian physicist, A. A. Friedmann had used Einstein’s general relativity to model an expanding universe. At this time, it was a purely theoretical exercise. No one realized then that our universe was expanding.

The rate at which the universe expands is known as the Hubble-Lemaître constant. That naming honours Georges Lemaître. In some ways he was the co-discoverer of the Big Bang. He was among the first to model Einstein’s theories of space and time across an entire universe. As a physicist, Catholic priest and astronomer, he had a clear perspective on this question. He had no problem with the idea of the universe having a unique origin for example. Both Einstein and others had learned that Relativity predicted an expanding universe. But at the time, there was no physical evidence of that. Einstein’s solution was to introduce an extra value to the equations. That balanced the universe’s expansion with an opposing force. For the moment, a stable universe seemed possible.

In the 1920s, astronomers were unsure whether our galaxy was the only structure in the universe. There was no astronomical distance scale. That might explain why most astronomers assumed a static universe. Lemaître was willing to explore a different option. He had seen the evidence from Erwin Hubble’s early observations at Mount Wilson Observatory in California. He published his theory in 1927. He estimated the speed of the expansion using those measurements. They proved that Spacetime was rapidly expanding, carrying along the rest of the physical universe.

Wherever astronomers pointed their telescopes every distant object was part of this rapid expansion. Lemaître understood that an expanding universe must have a tiny beginning. He called this origin point the cosmic atom, from which all matter emerged. Einstein rejected the significance of the new astronomical discoveries for some time. He maintained his belief in a static, unchanging cosmos until 1930, when he traveled halfway across the world from Berlin to Pasadena to see Hubble’s evidence in person. He examined Hubble’s photographs, looked through his telescopes, and declared himself fully persuaded.

He called the stabilizing term Lamda also known as the Cosmic Constant his "worst blunder" but actually it forms the foundation for our present understanding the effects of dark energy, the mysterious force driving the observed accelerated expansion of the universe.

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Crossdisciplinary

With the leatherworking example this article below provides details and source. Except for the asking a leatherworker bit which seems inaccurate. The scientists actually made new experimental copies of the tools to confirm what the bones were used for based on the wear to surfaces. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/12/neanderthals-invented-tool-leather-lissoir. They did note that "Similar tools, called slickers or burnishers, are still in use by leather workers today, meaning the instruments may be the only known examples of modern tools that owe their existence to our ancient Neanderthal relatives.

"There's a good case to be made for Neanderthals inventing this one aspect of modern human technology," said Shannon McPherron at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. "It's the first time we've seen Neanderthals use bone in a way that uses its unique properties."

"These bone tools are identical in outline, profile, and use-wear to lissoirs. Lissoirs are known from the early Upper Paleolithic of western Europe including the Châtelperronian, Proto-Aurignacian and Aurignacian but are also found in the late Upper Paleolithic through to historic and modern time periods Lissoirs have a standardized shape and vary in size depending on the species used; they are an effective tool for producing and smoothly shifting pressure over a small area"

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Impressive.

Their population is 135,000 as of 2018 according to Wikipedia. Although local populations ie in the Arabian Sea might be at risk having been genetically isolated for up to 70,000 years and in smaller numbers