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Both Ford and Mercedes own a /8 block of public IP addresses, that is 16 million public IPV4 addresses each
One of the startups I worked for did business with Ford. We needed info about their networks to get them connected to our service in AWS, and in the process we learned that they still use public IPs for everything. Every workstation, server, router, etc. connected to the internet from a public IP, no NAT and only protected by extremely complicated firewall rules. Their IT team must be in constant distress, or super defensive about their architecture haha