Yes, Church numerals are something more specific. Church numerals are a model of Peano arithmetic, I think. So basically all Chuch is Peano but not all Peano is Church.

Isn't this Peano numerals? Church numerals would be if a baker's four doubled two was sixty-four.

(That being (λf. λx. f (f (f (f (f x))))) (λn. λf. λx. n f (n f x)) (λf. λx. f (f x)))

Sadly fails to launch on my machine

You can install Google Play Services as a sandboxed app on GrapheneOS. That's not the issue. I believe the issue is that Google will use hardware attestation to check if the OS you're running it on is Google-approved.

Both the Reddit app and the Reddit website are absolute travesties

You may be interested in the German name for a type of rusk, “Zwieback”, which literally means “baked twice” (though with archaic, fossilised grammar)

I was surprised to find that this doesn’t work at all.

For instance, 300 is considered a valid IP by e.g. Firefox, typing 300/ into Firefox will navigate to http://0.0.1.44/. I was expecting this to be interpreted as just Σ 256ⁿ × dₙ mod 256⁴. But it isn’t, Firefox won’t accept this (it performs a web search instead). Neither will curl (which tries to look up a domain by this name).

I think this is not necessarily the case, the article could be interpreted as calling these “acts of war” from a colloquial standpoint, which is a judgement informed by the fact that we know now that the USA performed the kidnapping. It’s not necessarily saying that these acts should’ve already been called acts of war back then.

Les policiers de tous les pays sont des bœufs; pas en France ou les États-Unis seulement !

I think this is silly; Israel exists even if it's illegitimate or dangerous.

Like, anarchists don't need to put "government" in quotes every time they use it. You can be mad at a thing that exists.

It would be more useful to know what vulnerabilities are being exploited here. The fact that the possibility to hack people is used if it exists is not surprising. Even if these people didn’t do it, others might, which is why this shouldn’t be possible in the first place.

This looks almost like Loss

it’s been renamed in January 2025. This is not a new change.

https://web.archive.org/web/20250119223414/https://www.office.com/

Israel is wherever Israeli forces control the land.

Palestine is also there, but there is also Israel. Unlike Israel, Palestine currently has less de-facto control over its borders and land.

Like, even if there is no “Israel” there in your view, there is a group of people that call themselves Israeli, that operate a so-called Israeli Defence Force, that elect an Israeli legislature, and that do so in a specific geographic area. This conglomerate of people and institutions and the location it exists in, the physical buildings, and the areas it has effective control over, these are Israel.

Similarly, there is a group of people that call themselves Palestinian, that are concentrated in specific areas, that have historical connection to specific areas, that operate Palestinian organisations, that elect a Palestinian government. These people and their actions that relate to the land are what constitute Palestine.

"massive"

I do not understand how this relates to what I said. Once these French people leave the place and cease to control it ceases to be France. In a similar way, if Palestinians establish control over Palestine and what is currently Israeli, Israel will cease to exist (even if the Israelis do not leave).