Spyke

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What's the point of gendered words in certain languages?

[Shameless comm advertisement: make sure to check ![email protected], this sort of question fits nicely there!]

There are two main points: agreement and derivation.

Agreement: grammatical gender gives you an easy way to keep track of which word refers to which. Consider for example the following sentence:

  • The clock fell over the glass table, and it broke.

What does "it" refer to? It's ambiguous, it could be either "the clock" or "the glass table" (both things are breakable). In Portuguese however the sentence is completely unambiguous due to the gender system, as the translations show:

  1. O relógio caiu sobre a mesa de vidro, e ele quebrou. // "ele" he/it = the clock
  2. O relógio caiu sobre a mesa de vidro, e ela quebrou. // "ela" she/it = the table

It's only one word of difference; however "ele" he/it must refer to "relógio" clock due to the gender agreement. Same deal with "ela" she/it and "mesa" table.

Latin also shows something similar, due to the syntactically free word order. Like this:

  • puer bellam puellam amat. (boy.M.NOM pretty.F.ACC girl.F.ACC loves) = the boy loves the beautiful girl
  • puer bellus puellam amat. (boy.M.NOM pretty.M.NOM girl.F.ACC loves) = the handsome boy loves the girl

Note how the adjective between "puer" boy and "puella" girl could theoretically refer to any of those nouns; Latin is not picky with adjective placement, as long as it's near the noun it's fine. However, because "puer" is a masculine word and "puella" is feminine, we know that the adjective refers to one if masculine, another if feminine. (Note: the case marks reinforce this, but they aren't fully reliable.)

The second aspect that I mentioned is derivation: gender gives you a quick way to create more words, without needing new roots for that. Italian examples:

  • "bambino" boy vs. "bambina" girl
  • "gatto" cat, tomcat vs. "gatta" female cat
  • "banana" banana (fruit) vs. "banano" banana plant
  • "mela" apple (fruit) vs. "melo" apple tree

Focus on the last two lines - note how the gender system is reused to things that (from human PoV) have no sex or social gender, like trees and their fruits. This kind of extension of the derivation system is fairly common across gendered languages.


Addressing some comments here: English does not have a grammatical gender system. It has a few words that refer to social gender and sex, but both concepts (grammatical gender and social gender) are completely distinct.

That's specially evident when triggering agreement in a gendered language, as English doesn't do anything similar. Portuguese examples, again:

  • [Sentence] O Ivan é uma pessoa muito alta.
  • [Gloss, showing word gender] The.M Ivan.M is a.F person.F very tall.F
  • [Translation] Ivan is a very tall person.

Check the adjective, "alta" tall. Even if "Ivan" refers to a man, you need to use the feminine adjective here, because it needs to agree with "pessoa" person - a feminine word. This kind of stuff happens all the time in gendered languages, but you don't see it e.g. in English.

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As Reddit Crushes Protests, Its User Traffic Returns to Normal

I think that it's important to note the 1% rule.

Most of the traffic of any given platform will be created by people who interact with it only passively; they mostly lurk and, for good or bad, they don't care about it. Admins this, mods that, who the fuck cares, my cat pics sprout spontaneously from the internet.

In the meantime the people who actually contribute with the platform will be a tiny fraction of it. They don't add traffic, but they add value - because they're the ones responsible for creating the content (posting), aggregating value to the content (commenting), sorting the content (voting and moderating). The admins' decisions and the mod revolts affected specially bad this group. And... well, not even the stupid like to be called stupid, and that's basically what the admins did.

Now consider the link. The lurkers are back to Reddit because there's still content to be consumed there, but eventually it'll run dry - because the contributors are leaving the site. As such, you don't expect the mod revolts to have a short-term impact on the site, but rather a long-term one: the site will become less and less popular over time, as the lurkers are looking for content there and... well, nobody is providing them jack shit. Eventually the site will be forgotten by the masses, just like Digg was.

So Reddit will die, mind you. But it won't be a sudden death; it'll be a slow bleeding.

I just wish that this process was slightly faster, specially before the IPO.

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Why is “Now I Am Become Death” phrased so awkwardly in English?

It's from English, not Sanskrit. More specifically, an archaic English feature, where you'd use "be" instead of "have" for the present tense, if the main verb denotes a change of state (such as "become"). Note how "I have become Death" sounds perfectly fine for modern readers.

Odds are that Oppenheimer was quoting either an archaic translation Bhagavad Gita, or one using archaic language (this is typical for religious texts).

Also give this a check. English used to follow similar rules for be/have as German does for sein/haben.

[Shameless community promotion: check ![email protected] ! This sort of question would fit like a glove there.]

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r/madlads gave everyone mod powers (2 days ago)

Archive link, for those not willing to give Reddit activity. I'll copypaste the mod post here, inside spoilers:

::: spoiler mod post

Breaking Down Barriers: Starting today, all Subscribers to r/madlads are now members of the Landed Gentry.

As you are no doubt aware, reddit has eliminated user choice and made it harder for visually impaired users and others to use reddit. Third party apps like Apollo and Boost have shut down for good.

In the last few weeks, words have gone back and forth. Reddit's CEO, Spez, aka Steve Huffman gave a disastrous AMA and a couple of subsequent interviews in which his contempt for moderators and for reddit at large came through very clearly. Spez doesn't even seem to like reddit any more.

In an interview with NBC News, he referred to as the “Landed Gentry”. As you can imagine, a group of democratically-minded individuals, such as your r/madlads mod team, were insulted by this comment and got right to thinking how they could prove otherwise.

Spez later revealed an exciting new idea for a system where users will be able to vote moderators out of their positions and install new ones. This type of pure democracy on a site like reddit is bound to be wildly successful and incorruptible. But, there's only one problem: At the pace it takes reddit to develop new mod tools and systems, it'll be years before such a system is ready. That clearly will not do in a society built on instant gratification.

That is why the r/madlads mod team would like to announce that starting today we are bringing pure democracy to the subreddit: All users are now mods, and as such, are part of the "Landed Gentry". Welcome to the club. ​ Full Rundown of Moderator Permissions:

  • !lock - As top level comment, will lock comments on any post.
  • !lock - Reply to any comment to lock it.
  • !unlock - Reply to any comment to unlock the locked comment above it.
  • !remove - If reply to a comment, will remove comment. If reply to a post, will remove post.
  • !restore - Comment anywhere to approve any of your removed or locked comments.
  • !restore u/USERNAME - Comment anywhere to approve any removed or locked comments for u/USERNAME.
  • !sticky - Sticky the post in the bottom slot.
  • !ban u/USERNAME - Ban a user for 1 day. Careful: forgetting the username will ban you.
  • !leaderboard - Get the top 5 most active mods.
  • !mod log - Get the full mod log.
  • how to ban users - Any user whose comment or post is downvoted to -11 will be temp banned.
  • how to unlock comments - Vote the stickied comment on each post to +10 to unlock comments or vote a post past 300.

The rest of the work is simply not fun, boring, unpaid, thankless, redundant, soul-crushing, endless, tedious, laborious, tiresome, never-ending, difficult-to-accomplish-with-reddits-primitive-mod-tools-and-without-third-party-apps-bots-and-tools work, and we'll take care of all of that for you Reddit has paid lip service to their moderator-users for years, perpetually insisting that communication and mod tools would quickly improve after a stumble like this one. We're cutting all of that out and bringing power directly to the people so that we can show the brilliance of Spez's idea today, rather than waiting years for reddit to develop it. Have fun with yourselves and Happy Moderating!

:::

I love how much this fits the spirit of their community, and it highlights the blatant flaws on what reddit itself said against the mods. Popcorn time!

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Why do some Spanish/English words share the same multiple meanings?

[advertisement] ![email protected] welcomes this sort of question [advertisement]

That said, look at Latin:

  • dexter - right side, but also: favourable, fitting, proper (cf Spanish diestro)
  • sinister - left side, but also: adverse, hostile, bad (cf Spanish siniestro)

The "privileges" that you see in derecho and right are an extension of what Latin already associated with dexter - things that are proper to do or to get. For example if I got a right to freedom, that means that it's fitting for me to get freedom, you know?

Based on that odds are that Spanish simply inherited the association, and kept it as such even after borrowing izquierdo from Basque and shifting directus→derecho from "straight" to "right". While English borrowed it, either from Latin or some Gallo-Romance language.

And overall you'll see a fair bit of that in the Western European languages, regardless of phylogenetic association, since languages clustered near each other (i.e. a Sprachbund) will often borrow concepts and associations from either each other or from a common source.

Also, note that right "as side" and "as privilege" are not homonyms. Those aren't different words from different sources, it's the same word with two different meanings, this is called polysemy. The same applies to derecho.

memes

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Defediverse

This post assumes that a meaningful amount of defed instances are caused by simple lack of agreement. Often, it's an orthogonal matter - it boils down to instance A actually understanding something about the userbase of instance B and saying "I'm not dealing with this shit, it'll make the instance worse for its own users". For example: the typical user of B might be disingenuous, or preach immoral prescriptions, behave like a chimp, or be a bloody stupid piece of trash that should've stayed in Reddit to avoid smearing its stupidity everywhere here.

Are instance admins too eager to pull the trigger for defed? Perhaps, in some cases; specially because it handles groups of users instead of individuals. But those cases are better addressed through actual examples, not through a meme talking on generic grounds.

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What is "FUD"?

Here's an example. Let's say that you don't know how open source works, and I told you the following:

Why are you in Lemmy? It's open source so any hacker can screw with it, and infect your computer with viruses. You'll never know, right?

That's FUD: fear, uncertainty, and doubt. It's a disingenuous tactic to convince you to not do something, based on the following:

  • You fear a certain outcome. In this case, a computer virus.
  • That fear is vaguely associated with something that is uncertain for you. In this case, how a hacker could use Lemmy to inject viruses into your computer.
  • The odds of that outcome happening are doubtful; it may happen, it may not, otherwise you could call me out for not happening. In this case, even if you don't get a virus from using Lemmy, I can still say "well, some people get it, some don't, but let's play it safe and avoid Lemmy."

This shitty strategy is fairly used in the tech industry because most people are clueless about tech, but they know that it has a big impact on their lives. However you'll also see this in politics, religious debate (Pascal's Wager is FUD), and others.

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r/place is going well so far...

I like that they were able to coordinate enough to make "fuck spez" so visible (plus the "spez ist ein H*rensohn" = "spez is a son of a b*tch"). I just wish that they focused on the big picture - Spez himself is just a tool (in both senses) for Reddit Inc., and it's the whole corporation that should be screwed over.

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Why do my pictures sometimes post sideways on lemmy?

Lemmy removes EXIF data from pictures, since it includes potentially private information such as phone model, where IRL the pic is from, date, time, etc. But as a side effect, it also removes a tidbit of info that says "rotate this pic when showing it".

The way that I usually solve this* is by editing the picture in Kolourpaint. Either cropping it or resizing it.

*by coincidence to post cat pictures. Yours is making such a silly face :3 love it!

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Transparent Aluminium

Misleading name, on the same level as calling water "non-explosive hydrogen". That said the material looks promising, as a glass replacement for some applications (the text mentions a few of them, like armoured windows).

(It is not a metal; it's a ceramic, mostly oxygen with bits and bobs of aluminium and nitrogen. Interesting nonetheless, even if I'm picking on the name.)