It’s not just the stopped cars that might be on the shoulder / emergency lane, but it’s also that there might be more loose stones there and in winter snow and ice. The middle of the road is then safer.

I have a PHEV with 130-ish kilometer range, but the ICE part has an actual automatic gearbox with clutch. There is multiple ways to combine combustion and electric, not just the range-extender way of the Volt. Had a Volvo V60 before this with combustion engine in the front with gearbox and electric motor in the back. If you turned both on you got four wheel drive or loads of power.

Agreed. In the Netherlands we lost road tax incentives for PHEV. It does make sense, but we should probably make fuel more expensive as incentive. It currently still has some discount to compensate for the fuel prices rising due to the war in Ukraine. If you are stupid enough to buy a heavier PHEV and then not use the battery: congratulations: you pay more. If you charge it properly you'll be off cheaper than ICE drivers. I recently bought a new PHEV and after ~1700 kilometers I still have half of the gas tank filled. So roughly 1.3 l / 100 km (not sure if the dealer actually filled it to the brim). It is advertised as 0.5 l /100 km so yeah: 160 percent worse than advertised. But this was mostly in cold weather and snow, with winter tires and I think engines usually consume a bit more if they're brand new (and cold). So I'm not disappointed nor surprised.

I think vaasje is actually 25, maybe 30cl? (certainly not half a liter). fluit is even smaller; 20 perhaps?

Isn't that Christina Aguilera?