I had to look it up because I wasn't sure. According to what I found you should enable logger in your configuration.yaml

The default is to log warnings, you'll want to put:
logger
default: info

Or something similar to the above. Then when it crashes you'll want to take the SD card to another computer before HA boots back up and look at the /config/home-assistant.log file. On boot it clears that file is why you want to read it before it boots again.

Hopefully that helps

I use a heavily modified version of this: https://community.home-assistant.io/t/created-a-chore-tracker-with-points-system-in-home-assistant/316175