The last sentence in the 'Plain Language summary' says "Cranberry products (such as tablets or capsules) were also ineffective (although had the same effect as taking antibiotics), possibly due to lack of potency of the 'active ingredient'." ......What?

How could they have the same effect as antibiotics and be ineffective at the same time? Is this suggesting antibiotics are ineffective against UTIs? Aren't antibiotics used to treat UTIs to begin with?

If someone could explain any or all of that to me, I would appreciate it greatly. My girlfriend just got a UTI and is very scared. I found this article, but it seems to contradict itself in a few places, to me. I'm not a scientist, so I recognize that I might just not be able to comprehend it, and would love some clarification!

If you got this far, I'm also wondering how these studies could be considered accurate if a lot of the subjects stopped taking the cranberry products?

TL; DR is the first two sections at the top👆

I apologize if this isn't the place, I'll happily repost somewhere else if someone gives any suggestions pertaining to that.

I've been using Eddie with airvpn on my PC for a little over two years. I have never been able to identify which programs are using my network with task manager, because all the traffic went through openvpn.exe.

I just switched to wireguard thinking it would help me figure out which programs are using so much data but it provides even less information. It's significantly faster, so I'll be sticking to wireguard, but I still can't tell which program is actually using the network on task manager. I've been googling all morning and can't find a proper solution to my problem. It definitely seems like others want the same thing, but I haven't found any thread where the people answering actually understood the issue.

Task manager shows all traffic is going through wireguard.exe or airvpn.exe, so how can I tell which programs are actually using data?