I kneel

Is there any reason why it has to be a raw socket, rather than a dgram icmp socket? (which allows you to run as non-root) Silly me for not realizing I only needed one socket. Ofc my speed would only be at most 1-2Mbps. I currently track outgoing pings in memory so I would probably need to keep a single large circular array instead for timeout purposes -- not too different from what I'm doing currently.

I gave it some further thought and I might be completely misguided to try and max throughput. Datagrams are completely connectionless and therefore can’t know if your router’s send buffer is full or not, unless I’m missing something internal between the kernel and the router that makes sendto block (which AFAIK only happens when the socket’s send buffer is full). Therefore most “extra” datagrams I send would just be dropped anyways. I know ICMP was a dated method of congestion control but have no idea if it would still be in use for simple pings.

Edit: apparently source quench is a thing but still, no clue if the kernel intercepts this or if it is even sent in 2026 due to deprecation

Thank you can’t believe I forgot this

Here you go!!! Purple is reserved range. It's a Hilbert curve as seen here https://www.caida.org/archive/id-consumption/census-map/images/20061108.png