Choline indeed is an essential nutrient as your body cannot synthesise enough from other substances to maintain proper health.

Unfortunately, we cannot determine what is a good enough amount of dietary choline for you specifically. There isn't even a scientific consensus for the recommended dietary allowance (yet).

Instead, as I understand you're interested in the importance of choline for health, I'd recommend you read the scientific research specifically about vegetarian, vegan, and plant-based diets in relation to choline intake and their health outcomes.

Here's a literature review: https://www.academia.edu/3067-1345/2/4/10.20935/AcadNutr8085

_vegetarian and vegan diets supply lower choline levels than omnivorous diets, but overt deficiency is rare, likely due to nutrient interactions and potential overestimation of requirements. Increasing intake of animal foods to meet choline requirements may be associated with increased chronic disease risk _

They also noted that a single egg per day increases the risk on cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of 41 cohort studies found that consumption of one additional 50 g egg daily was associated with increased CVD risk.

Based on the findings in this study, I would recommend to the general public, whether vegan or not:

1. Focus on co-factors of adequate choline synthesis: vitamin B12 (supplement) and folate (from veggies).
2. Request from the GP to test the liver health once per year. If anything worrisome with your liver is going on, from choline deficiency or something else, it will show up.
3. For pregnant or breastfeeding women a choline supplement might be useful (550–2000 mg / day)
4. Also, they don't mention this in the study. Avoid stress, especially prolonged stress, as it can deplete your choline levels much quicker than your body could ever synthesise.

Cheap plant-based foods rich in choline are peanuts, almonds, edamame, tofu, flaxseed, sunflower seeds, mushrooms, and cauliflower.

Thanks. I will do those things.💪

In addition to GrapheneOS (Motorola/ Google Pixel), I was considering brands made in the EU: Jolla phone with Linux or FairPhone with eOS.

I read on the keepandroidopen github that the "advanced flow" (for "side-loading") is delivered through Google Play Services, not the Android OS, meaning Google can modify, restrict, or remove it at any time without an OS update and without any user consent.

So, yes, I think you're right, GrapheneOS, PostmarketOS, /e/OS and the likes would be safe (for now) since they don't have the "Google Play Services". I read MicroG is a way to get core functionalities of the Play Services API.

For Linux phone, the Jolla phone has peeked my interest. But I would be missing Android apps, unless there is virtualization to run those??

Yeah, I was thinking might be better to get a phone developed in the EU. I'm considering Jolla phone (Finnish) and FairPhone (Dutch). Or else a Pixel with GrapheneOS (but then it's Google again :/).

Are those sufficiently "open"?

Thanks! 🙂 I'll go through them. So, it's really happening?

And here there's a list of regulators to which you can complain: https://keepandroidopen.org/cta/#consumers

But, wouldn't we (or you) miss the Android apps? Interesting though if we could make that happen.

I think our best chance to have less influence from Google would be legislation from the EU. (Government of France 🇫🇷 is based: they're going Linux).

If you find spirit, you can complain to your competent authorities in your region: https://keepandroidopen.org/cta/#consumers

I'm not a GrapheneOS user (yet). However, as I understand it GrapheneOS does not obligate the installation of "Google Play Services" but does permit the installation of the service in a sandboxed environment (or separate profile).

So, what would you recommend, FairPhone but a different OS? Or Pixel/Motorola with GrapheneOS? I'll check out some videos about it in the mean while.

Going vegan would be easiest

So sad. Hmm, a different OS? PostmarketOS? eOS? Try if those support your device.

It's the "Google Play Services" that will obligate the developers to identify with their national ID and pay a fee. Many developers already announced they will stop updating their FOSS apps, and others have warned that their app might stop working because they do not agree to Google's terms.

So, if Google Play Services is sandboxed or not installed on your device, you're device is safe from Google's mayhem.

(I chuckled at your "always been an ARMs race" 😂)

So, in this case a Linux phone would be best?

Anyway, I'll get a phone with a different OS than Google Android. But I'm not sure about Linux yet. I like my Android FOSS apps.

That's a good point you make. I'm gonna contact the authorities that go about this for my region.

Can be found here: https://keepandroidopen.org/cta/#consumers

I see. Valve's Android virtualisation is called "Lepton" and it's a fork of Waydroid.

I wonder where they're going with this. I know Valve is a game platform. From that I suspect that they will use Lepton to bypass the Google Play ecosystem and have their own Android Lepton Play store.

But wouldn't it just be Android games on Linux, and not other apps?

Also, I checked it months ago. I found it dodgy. The owner has several companies registered in the Estonian business register.

I don't recall exactly what I found that was dodgy, I just remember it was. I didn't trust using the email services. Better use more conventional services like Proton or Tuta.