The fingerprint method is named Canvas Fingerprint. It uses the canvas component to build a fingerprint of your PC. By adding random noise to the canvas the canvas is altered slightly by the browsers anti tracking feature and the detection does not work. I don't know how the canvas fingerprint itself works.

As a novice DON'T put your devices on the open Internet. Use something like tailscale or Splittunnel. You can give your friends access through that.