Spyke

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The amount of education and multigenerational cultural effort required to get our species not to behave like dumb animals is insane.

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One scenario could be that there was a large regional conflict, and refugees from many areas gathered in one camp (maybe a sanctuary or a neutral area). Then whoever killed them realized afterward that not all of them were from their intended enemies.

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There's more detail and analysis in the academic paper:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02399-9

I didn't read all of it, but one part suggests that the unrelated genetics could mean that the dead are from a larger settlement rather than a small village.

Suppose there was an uprising or rebellion in a region, the men fought, but lost and many were killed in battle and the remainder were in hiding. As punishment a woman from each family was slaughtered.

This might explain why they were killed violently but buried with reverence.

3

My unsorted thoughts:

Maybe it was a slave revolt.

  • pro: people from different settlements. Stolen at some point and brought to the same place where they revolted and were beaten down.
  • contra: who would give them offerings and bury them with respect?

Maybe it was the supply train of an army that was also killed after the defeat of said army.

  • pro: mostly women
  • contra: why the tribal diversity? Was it a battle of the five armies style train?

Maybe a treck of refugees as someone else commented.

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Iron Age grave site discovered in northern Serbia reveals evidence of a 2,800-year-old mass killing; 40 of more than 77 victims were younger than 12 years old | Spyke